Most microphones are carefully designed so they don’t pickup sound equally from all directions. These so called unidirectional (or cardioid – which means ‘heart shaped’ which will make sense in a sec) microphones are designed to pickup very strongly what they are pointing directly at, only minimal pickup from the sides and virtually none from the back.
Every microphone will have a level at which feedback occurs. In an ideal world, the threshold of feedback will be well higher than the volume you want to drive your microphones and you will have no problems. In the real world, however, you will often have to get creative if you want to push your mic’s harder without feedback.
Apparently, the US has been selling sonic blasters to China as a non-lethal weapon against ‘rioters’. These devices emit ‘high-energy acoustic waves that are said to be, at close proximity, louder than a jet engine. It is capable of reaching 150 decibels, enough to incite panic, inflict pain, and even cause hearing loss among large crowds’ … they could have just asked me, I figured out how to do this in church years ago.